# 	  -*- mode: org -*-
#+TITLE:     Vim Memo
#+AUTHOR:    Peter Salvi
#+EMAIL:     vukung@yahoo.com
#+LANGUAGE:  en
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* Vim terminology
|---------------+----------|
| Standard word | Vim term |
|---------------+----------|
| save          | write    |
| cut           | delete   |
| copy          | yank     |
| paste         | put      |
| overwrite     | replace  |
|---------------+----------|
* Miscellaneous commands
|----------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------------|
| Quit (w/o writing)   | :qa[ll]! / :quita[ll]!       |                                          |
| Write all and exit   | :wqa[ll] / :xa[ll]           |                                          |
| Abort command        |                              | CTRL-C                                   |
| Undo                 | :u[ndo]                      | u                                        |
| Redo                 | :red[o]                      | CTRL-R                                   |
| Help                 | :h[elp] <topic>              | <F1>                                     |
| Set an on/off option | :set [no]<option>            | :set <option>? : current value           |
| Set an option        | :set <option>=<value>        |                                          |
| Set a keymap         | :set keymap=<keymap>         | e.g. accents, magyar (default = nothing) |
| Set encoding         | :set fileencoding=<encoding> | :set fileformat/ff=<dos/unix>            |
| List of options      | :options                     |                                          |
| Syntax highlighting  | :syntax on/off               | :colorscheme : various schemes           |
| Start a shell        | :ter[minal] [command]        | (only CTRL-W commands work)              |
| Terminal commands    | CTRL-W : (Ex command)        | CTRL-W N (~normal mode, i/a returns)     |
|----------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------------------|
* Changing modes
|-----------------------------+---+----------------------------------------|
| Insert mode (before cursor) | i | I: at the beginning of line            |
| Insert mode (after cursor)  | a | A: at the end of line                  |
| Replace mode                | R |                                        |
| Visual mode                 | v | V: select lines; CTRL-V: select blocks |
|-----------------------------+---+----------------------------------------|
* Files and buffers
|-------------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------|
| Edit (or reload current) file | :e[dit] [file]          | ++enc/ff=... overrides fileencoding/fileformat |
| Write file                    | :w[rite]                | :w[rite] >> <file> : append to file            |
| Close file (w/o writing)      | :q[uit]!                | ZQ                                             |
| Write and close file          | :wq / :x[it] / :exi[t]  | ZZ                                             |
| Save as                       | :saveas <filename>      |                                                |
| Edit next file                | :n[ext]                 | :wn[ext] : write and edit next file            |
| Edit previous file            | :prev[ious]             | :wp[revious] : write and edit prev file        |
| Edig the alternate file       | :e[dit] #               | CTRL-^ / CTRL-6                                |
| Change buffer                 | :b[uffer] <buffer>      |                                                |
| Next/previous buffer          | :bn[ext]                | :bp[revious]                                   |
| List buffers                  | :ls / :buffers / :files |                                                |
|-------------------------------+-------------------------+------------------------------------------------|
* Moving around
|-----------------------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------|
| Left / Down / Up / Right                      | h / j / k / l |                                              |
| Scroll forward (down) one page                | CTRL-F        | CTRL-D: half page; CTRL-E: one line          |
| Scroll backward (up) one page                 | CTRL-B        | CTRL-U: half page; CTRL-Y: one line          |
| To beginning of next word                     | w             | W: same with whitespace-boundaries           |
| To beginning of this word                     | b             | B: same with whitespace-boundaries           |
| To the end of this word                       | e             | E: same with whitespace-boundaries           |
| To the end of last word                       | ge            | gE: same with whitespace-boundaries          |
| To beginning of line                          | 0             | ^: ignoring whitespace characters            |
| To end of line                                | $             | g$: last char of the screen line (with wrap) |
| To char <c> in current line                   | f + <c>       | F: backwards (;: next, ,: previous)          |
| To char before <c> in current line            | t + <c>       | T: backwards (;: next, ,: previous)          |
| Change side (in visual mode)                  | o             |                                              |
| Jump to matching parenthesis                  | %             |                                              |
| Jump to beginning of file                     | [count] gg    | with count, jump to that line                |
| Jump to the end of file                       | [count] G     | with count, jump to that line                |
| Jump to column in current row                 | [count] \vert | gm: jump to central column                   |
| Jump to top/middle/bottom of the window       | H / M / L     |                                              |
| Show current line at top/middle/bottom        | zt / zz / zb  |                                              |
| Jump to next occurrence of the word at cursor | *             | #: jump to previous occurrence               |
| Set a mark to the letter <c>                  | m + <c>       | use uppercase letters for global marks       |
| Jump to a mark at letter <c>                  | ` + <c>       | ' + <c>: the beginning of that line          |
| Show all marks                                | :marks        | :marks <cde> : show only marks c,d,e         |
| Jump to last change                           | `.            | `^: to last insertion                        |
| Back from a jump                              | ``            |                                              |
|-----------------------------------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------|
** Tags
- tags files are consulted based on the "tags" variable
- these files can be created (e.g.) with exuberant ctags (ctags -R .)
|-----------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------|
| Go to tag definition                    | :ta[g] <tag>      | CTRL-]: tag under cursor          |
| Go to tag definition in new window      | :sta[g] <tag>     | CTRL-W [CTRL-]]: tag under cursor |
| Go back from tag jump                   | :po[p]            | CTRL-T / CTRL-O                   |
| Go to next/previous tag definition      | :tn[ext]          | :tp[revious] / :tN[ext]           |
| Select tag jump from list               | :ts[elect] <tag>  | g]: tag under cursor              |
| Select tag jump from list in new window | :sts[elect] <tag> | CTRL-W g]: tag under cursor       |
|-----------------------------------------+-------------------+-----------------------------------|
** Special Motions
- in Visual mode, or as parameters for other commands (e.g. d,c,y)
|--------------------------------------+----+--------------------------------------------|
| A word                               | iw | iW: same with whitespace-boundaries        |
| A word (plus spaces)                 | aw | aW: same with whitespace-boundaries        |
| A paragraph                          | ip | ap: same but cursor goes on the line below |
| Between quotations marks (excluding) | i" | similarly with ',`,),],},>,t (tag)         |
| Between quotations marks (including) | a" | similarly with ',`,),],},>,t (tag)         |
|--------------------------------------+----+--------------------------------------------|
* Windows
|-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------|
| New file in new window (horizontal)           | :new                              | CTRL-W [CTRL-]n  |
| New file in new window (vertical)             | :vne[w]                           |                  |
| Split window (horizontal)                     | :sp[lit]                          | CTRL-W [CTRL-]s  |
| Split window (vertical)                       | :vs[plit]                         | CTRL-W [CTRL-]v  |
| Edit file in new window (horizontal)          | :new <file> / :sp[lit] <file>     |                  |
| Edit file in new window (vertical)            | :vne[w] <file> / :vs[plit] <file> |                  |
| Enlarge/shrink window vertically by N lines   | :res[ize] +N / :res[ize] -N       | [N] CTRL-W +/-   |
| Enlarge/shrink window horizontally by N lines |                                   | [N] CTRL-W >/<   |
| Resize window to full (or N) width            | :vertical :res[ize] [N]           | [N] CTRL-W \vert |
| Make all windows equal in size                |                                   | CTRL-W =         |
| Change to "the other" window                  |                                   | CTRL-W [CTRL-]w  |
| Change to the (left/bottom/top/right) window  |                                   | CTRL-W h/j/k/l   |
| Move window to the (l/b/t/r) and maximimze    |                                   | CTRL-W H/J/K/L   |
| Close window                                  | :clo[se]                          | CTRL-W c         |
| Close all other windows                       | :on[ly]                           | CTRL-W [CTRL-]o  |
|-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------+------------------|
* Tabs
|-----------------------------+------------------------------------+----|
| Edit file in new tab        | :tabe[dit] <file> / :tabnew <file> |    |
| Edit same buffer in new tab | :tab split                         |    |
| Close current tab           | :tabc[lose]                        |    |
| Close all other tabs        | :tab[only]                         |    |
| Go to next tab              | :tabn[ext]                         | gt |
| Go to previous tab          | :tabp[revious] / :tabN[ext]        | gT |
| Go to first tab             | :tabr[ewind] / :tabfir[st]         |    |
| Go to last tab              | :tabl[ast]                         |    |
| Move tab N spaces           | :tabm[ove] +N / :tabm[ove] -N      |    |
| Run command in new tab      | :tab <command>                     |    |
|-----------------------------+------------------------------------+----|
* Editing
|-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------|
| Delete                                        | d + <movement>            |                                            |
| Delete line                                   | dd                        | D: just right from cursor (= d$)           |
| Change (delete + insert mode)                 | c + <movement>            | C: (= Da)                                  |
| Change line                                   | cc                        | C: just right from cursor (= c$)           |
| Delete current char                           | x (= dl)                  | X: backwards (= dh)                        |
| Substitute a char                             | s (= cl)                  | S: (= cc)                                  |
| Replace current char with <c>                 | r <c>                     |                                            |
| Open line below                               | o                         | O: open row above                          |
| Yank                                          | y + <movement>            |                                            |
| Yank line                                     | yy / Y                    |                                            |
| Put                                           | p                         | P: before cursor                           |
| Select register for next d/y/p                | " + <register>            | (yank always uses 0, as well)              |
| Show registers                                | :reg[isters] / :di[splay] |                                            |
| Change case                                   | g~ + <movement>           | ~: on one char & forward                   |
| Change to lowercase                           | gu + <movement>           | gU + <movement>: uppercase                 |
| Add [count] (or 1) to the number under cursor | [count] CTRL-A            | [count] CTRL-X: same but subtract          |
| Format lines                                  | gq + <movement>           | set textwidth/tw to > 0 for wrapping       |
| Indent lines                                  | ​= + <movement>            | [count] + ==: indent count lines           |
| Filter lines through external command         | ! + <movement> <command>  | [count] + !! <command>: filter count lines |
| Prepend to each line in visual block          | I + <string>              | A + <string>: same with append             |
|-----------------------------------------------+---------------------------+--------------------------------------------|
- transpose chars: xp
- transpose lines: ddp
- duplicate line: yyp
* Special keys in Insert mode
|-----------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------|
| Temporary Normal mode | CTRL-O                             |                                 |
| Delete backwards      | CTRL-W (word)                      | CTRL-U (whole line)             |
| Change indentation    | CTRL-T (more)                      | CTRL-D (less)                   |
| Insert literally      | CTRL-V + <char>                    | CTRL-Q + <char>                 |
| Insert register       | CTRL-R + <register>                |                                 |
| Insert same character | CTRL-Y (as above cursor)           | CTRL-E (as below cursor)        |
| Autocomplete          | CTRL-N (search forward)            | CTRL-P (search backward)        |
| Insert digraph        | CTRL-K <char1> <char2>             | (see also :h digraphs-default)  |
| Add digraph           | :dig[raphs] <char1> <char2> <code> | :dig[raphs] (show all digraphs) |
|-----------------------+------------------------------------+---------------------------------|
* Registers
|----------------------+-----|
| default              | "   |
| named                | a-z |
| named (appending)    | A-Z |
| last yank            | 0   |
| last small delete    | -   |
| recent large deletes | 1-9 |
| black hole           | _   |
| clipboard            | +   |
| primary clipboard    | *   |
| expression           | =   |
| current filename     | %   |
| alternate filename   | #   |
| last insertion       | .   |
| last Ex command      | :   |
| last search          | /   |
|----------------------+-----|
* Search & replace
|--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------------|
| Search <string>          | / <string>                                     | ?: backwards         |
| Search word under cursor | *                                              |                      |
| Next match               | n                                              | N: previous          |
| Substitute               | :[<range>]s[ubstitute]/[<old>]/<new>[/<flags>] | &: repeat (no flags) |
|--------------------------+------------------------------------------------+----------------------|
- <range> is the current line by default
- <old> is the last search by default
- flags: g (global), c (confirm), n (only count), & (same flags as before)
- confirm mode: y/n (yes/no), q (quit), l (yes + quit), a (all); C-e/C-y (scroll up/down)
* Ranges
- % means the whole file
- a,b for lines a-b (. is the current line, 0 the zeroth, 1 the first, $ the last)
- these can be regexps, e.g. /​start/,/end/, or marks, e.g. 't,'b
- can have offsets, e.g. /​start/+1,/end/-1
- visual mode selections also specify ranges (o: changes active end [O: other corner for blocks])
- ! filters the range through an external command (:<range>!<cmd>)
* Automatization
|------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------|
| Record macro in <register>   | q + <register> [stop: q, use uppercase register to append] |
| Play macro in <register>     | @ + <register> [after that: @@]                            |
| Repeat last command          | .                                                          |
| Repeat <command> <n> times   | <n> + <command>                                            |
| Repeat last Ex command       | @: [after that: @@]                                        |
| Execute commands for range   | :[<range>] normal <commands>                               |
| Execute commands for matches | :[<range>] g[lobal][!] /​<pattern>/ <commands>              |
| Do for all buffers/windows   | :bufdo / :windo                                            |
|------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------|
* Quickfix
|--------------------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------|
| Call make                                  | :mak[e]                       |                       |
| Search files containing regexp             | :vim[grep] /​<pattern>/ <file> | (use * or ** in path) |
| Open quickfix window                       | :cope[n]                      |                       |
| Open quickfix window when there are errors | :cw[indow]                    |                       |
| Next/previous location                     | :cn[ext]                      | :cp[revious]          |
| Go to selected location                    | <Enter>                       | (in quickfix window)  |
| Go to selected location in new window      | CTRL-W <Enter>                | (in quickfix window)  |
| Go to older/newer error list               | :col[der]                     | :cnew[er]             |
|--------------------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------|